Who developed the improved photographic gun?

• A. Etienne-Jules Marey
• B. Edweard Muybridge
• C. Leland Stanford
• D. Thomas Edison

Answer: (A)

The question is about who created the device known as the photographic gun, a single camera designed to take a rapid sequence of photographs to study movement. Etienne-Jules Marey developed the fusil photographique, or photographic gun, in the late 1880s. This device used a single camera with a rotating cylinder to expose multiple frames in quick succession on one plate, letting researchers capture motion much more efficiently than with separate cameras. This innovation was a key step in chronophotography and laid groundwork for later motion-picture techniques.

In contrast, the other names are associated with different approaches: Muybridge used multiple cameras set up along a track to capture sequential images, but not a gun-like device. Leland Stanford funded Muybridge’s horse studies, and Edison pursued early motion devices like the Kinetoscope, but neither invented the photographic gun.